Internal combustion engine



Jan. M, 1936. J, G, VINCENT 2027,94@

INTERNAL COMBUST ION ENGINE 31a/vanto@ f TE .-Z M5555" MAIDEN?.

Jan. 14, 1936. J. G. VINCENT 2,027,940

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Dec. 23, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 M5555 EV2A/'BENI dbtofcweq Jam 14, 1936- J. G. VINCENT INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINE Filed Dec. 25, 21.9551.

5 Sheets-Sheet 3 dumm,

Patented Jan. 14, 1936 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Jesse G. Vincent,Detroit, Mich., assigner to Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich., acorporation of Michigan Application December 23, 1931, Serial No.582,810

5 Claims. (Cl. 121-194) This invention relates to internal combustionengines, and particularly to the structure of the engine parts.

The construction of this invention is especially useful in Dieselengines where the explosions are particularly heavy and the engine mustnecessarily be sturdily made and well supported in order thatyibrationand noise may be minimized.

One of the objects of the present invention is to so make the variousparts thereof that they will, when put together, form a rigid box-likestructure capab-le of resisting vibration and of being supported rigidlyon suitable mountings.

Another object of the invention is to so form the box-like parts of theengine that they may be readily machined and easily put together.

Another object of the invention is to form the various parts of theengine so that when they are assembled the engine as a whole willpresent a relatively smooth outward appearance and will have practicallyall of the operating parts housed within itself.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription taken in connection with the drawings, which form a part ofthis specification, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical end view of an engine made in accordance with thisinvention;

Fig. 2` is an end view of the engine shown in Fig. 1 with the partsdisassembled from each other but arranged in close relation to eachother to indicate how they are joined together, and

Fig. 3 is a side View of the engine shown in Fig. 1.

The engine sho-wn in the drawings is preferably a Diesel engine of themarine type and it is adapted to be supported upon separated side beamssuch as those indicated at Iii in Fig. 1.

The crank case of the engine is composed of two principal parts, a lowersection II and an upper section I2, each of these sections being ofbox-like construction in cross section as is shown by the end Views,Figs. 1 and 2. The lower section II forms the sump or oil containingcompartment and the upper section I2 forms asupport for the variousoperating shafts of the engine. At the right, in Fig. 1, is shown abearing I3 for a cam shaft to operate the fuel injection device, and atthe left is shown a bearing Iii for a cam shaft for operating the engineValves. Between the crank case sections is formed a bearing I5 suitab-lefor the engine crank shaft.

The lower crank case section II, as shown in Fig. 3, extends beyond theend of the upper section to form the lower part of a gear box ortransmission case, this extended part being indicated at IIa, and aseparate detachable casting IZ is secured over the part IIa and to theend of the section I2 to complete the housing of the transmission. Acover IED is provided for the top of the part 52a..

The lower crank case section I I has a heavy ange I6 extending outwardlyfrom each side and preferably running the full length of the crank caseincluding the extended part IIa, and the upper section I2 has a similarflange Il on each side. These flanges are the main supporting legs ofthe engine and they are bolted together and to the supports IIJ as bybolts I8, thus rigidly connecting both sections of the crank case to thesupports.

The upper crank case section I2 has its open sides closed by detachablecovers I9 and 2l), thus completing the enclosure of the shafts withinthe casing.

Mounted upon the crank case is a cylinder block 2I secured to the crankcase by suitable bolts, two of which are shown at 22 in Fig. 1. Thecasting for this cylinder block is also of somewhat box-like section,its walls being extended to enclose some of the valve and injectionmechanism. The sides of the cylinder block are closed by suitabledetachable covers 23 and 24. The cylinder block ZI has its cylindersextending below the lower face of the block and when the block rests inposition on the crank case these extensions of the cylinders are withinthe upper part of the crank case. This construction is shown in theexploded View, Fig. 2, and the lower extension of one of the cylindersis shown through an opening in the end of the crank case in Fig. 1.

Detachably mounted upon the upper end of the cylinder block is a casting25 forming a head for each of the cylinders. This cylinder head castinghas secured to it on the right hand side an intake manifold 26 and onthe left hand side an exhaust manifold 21.

Mounted above the cylinder head and detachably secured thereto and tothe manifolds is a cover 23 which covers the valve operating mechanismnot shown in the drawing.

At each side of the cylinder block there are formed compartments 34) and3|, such compartments extending substantially the full length of r thecylinder block. The sides and top of the cylinder block adjacent thecompartments are open, the manifold 2B resting on top of the cylinderblock extending substantially across the open top of the compartment 30and the head block 25 and the manifold 21 extending over the compartment3|. Depending from the manifold 26 is a iiange 32 arranged to projectinto the compartment with its outer surface flush with the outer face ofthe adjacent side wall of the cylinder block. A flange 33 depends fromthe manifold 21 and projects into the compartment 3|, the outer face ofthis ange being arranged to lie ush with the outer surface of theadjacent side wall of the cylinder' block. The cover plate 23 is securedacross its top to the flange 32 and the cover plate 24 is secured acrossits top to the flange 3|, thereby providing a good seal at the top ofthe compartments. Because these flanges 3| and 32 are removable from thecylinder block, machining of the walls forming the compartment can bereadily accomplished because there is no interference such as would becaused if the flanges 3| and 32.

were formed as a part of the upper side walls of the cylinder block. Dueto the similarity of the sides of the upper half of the crank case, thecylinder block and the manifolds, finishing of the surfaces along thesides thereof prior to assembly can be readily accomplished due toaccessibility. The same fixtures can be used for the finishing of bothsides of the upper half of the crank case, the same xtures can be usedfor finishing both sides of the cylinder block and the same fixtures canbe used for finishing the adjacent portions of the manifolds and thehead. In addition to the symmetrical structure which is formed, the costof finishing, from the standpoint of labor and fixtures, is low.

Thus is built up a very sturdy engine construction in which all thebox-like structural parts are closely held together and formed into arigid whole that is capable of withstanding the heavy explosions thatare inherent in an internal combustion engine of the Diesel type.

While I have herein described in some detail a specific embodiment of myinvention, which I deem to be new and advantageous and may specificallyclaim, I do not desire it to be understood that my invention is limitedto the exact details of the construction, as it will be apparent thatchanges may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scopeof my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of upper and lowercrank case sections, said sections being of box formation in crosssection with the sides extending substantially in line vertically, saidupper box section having open sides, supporting flanges extendingoutwardly from the adjacent side walls of the sections, cover platessecured against the sides of the upper section over the openingstherein, and means securing said supporting anges together and to asupport.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with upper andlower crank case sections having means formed therewith to support acrank shaft between them, the upper of said sections having means forsupporting operating shafts therein, a cylinder block mounted upon thecrank case and having cylinder portions extending into the crank case, adetachable head mounted on the cylinder block, said head having eachside wall extending substantially in a straight line both vertically andlongitudinally and formed with openings therein, separate intake andexhaust manifolds having portions engaging against the side walls of thehead and secured in communication with the openings therein, and a coverextending over the cylinder head and the manifold portions, said coverbeing secured against the top of the .side walls of said manifolds.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a crank case having open side wallsextending substantially in straight parallel lines, a cylinder blockmounted upon the crank case and having its side walls open and in linewith the side walls of the crank case, a detachable head formed withopen side walls and mounted on the cylinder block, said head being ofless width than the cylinder block and arranged short of the sidesthereof with the sides extending in a straight line vertically andlongitudinally, a cover mounted on the cylinder head having its sidewalls substantially in alignment with the side walls of the cylinderblock, an intake manifold secured to the head and having a portionfilling the space intermediate the cylinder block and the cover on oneside of the engine, and an exhaust manifold secured to the head andhaving a portion filling the space between the cylinder block and thecover on the other side of the engine.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder blockhaving compartments at the sides thereof, the top and side Walls of theblock being open to the compartments, a head structure over the top ofthe cylinder block, said head structure having depending flangesextending into the compartments in flush relation with the outer surfaceof the side walls of the block, and side cover plates for thecompartments overlying the flanges and secured thereto.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder blockhaving chambers at the sides thereof, the top and side walls of theblock being open to the chambers, an exhaust manifold overlying the openend of one cf the chambers, an intake manifold overlying the open end ofthe other chamber, each manifold having a flanged portion extending intothe adjacent chamber with the outer face flush with the outer surface ofthe adjacent side of the cylinder block, and side cover plates for thechambers overlying the flanges and secured thereto.

JESSE G. VINCENT.

